ACL Tear: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options

What symptoms can occur after an ACL injury?

• A popping sensation at the time of injury may occur, but it is not present in every case.
• Swelling may develop over the first few hours, with pain, reduced movement or difficulty bearing weight.
• Some people notice that the knee feels unstable, particularly when turning or changing direction.

How is an ACL tear diagnosed?

• A clinician will ask how the injury happened and examine knee movement, swelling and stability.
• Depending on the examination, an MRI may be recommended to assess the ACL and look for associated meniscus, cartilage or other ligament injuries.
• Seek urgent medical care if the knee is severely painful or deformed, you cannot bear weight, or the foot becomes cold, numb or discoloured.

What are the treatment options?

• Treatment depends on the injury pattern, knee stability, activity goals, associated injuries and overall health.
• Some people benefit from structured physiotherapy and activity modification. ACL reconstruction may be discussed when instability persists or when a person's goals and injury pattern make surgery appropriate.
• A personalised rehabilitation plan is important whether treatment is surgical or non-surgical.

When should you consult a knee specialist?

• Arrange an assessment if swelling, instability or difficulty using the knee continues after an injury. Avoid returning to pivoting sports until you have been assessed and cleared for activity.

Frequently asked questions

Does every ACL tear need surgery?

No. The decision depends on knee stability, associated injuries, activity goals and response to rehabilitation.

Can an MRI confirm an ACL tear?

MRI can help assess the ACL and associated structures, but the result should be interpreted alongside the history and clinical examination.